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Charles Hodge on Innate/Hereditary Sinfulness, etc.

Much discussion about races and nations and strengths and weaknesses of each is taking place today, in our nation and churches. At the bottom, I am going to share some of my own thoughts in light of a recent debate that took place in part on this subject.

But first, below is (in part) what well-known Reformed and Presbyterian Theologian Charles Hodge said regarding our being morally culpable for sinful dispositions that we have inherited from our Ancestors and our hereditary (from his systematic Theology, Volume 2, Part 2, Sections 6ff).:


Charles Hodge on Being Morally Culpable for Sinful Dispositions Even if Inherited from our Ancestors (He argues to deny this is to move toward Pelagianism/somewhere in between):

Consciousness proves that Dispositions as distinguished from Acts may have Moral Character

By the mere moral philosopher, and by theologians whose theology is a philosophy, it is assumed as an axiom, or intuitive truth, that a man is responsible only for what he has full power to do or to avoid. Plausible as this principle is, it is,—

 

1. Opposed to the testimony of consciousness. It is a fact of consciousness that we do attribute moral character to principles which precede all voluntary action and which are entirely independent of the power of the will. And it is a fact capable of the clearest demonstration that such is not only the dictate of our own individual consciousness, but also the conviction of all men. If we examine our own consciousness as to the judgment which we pass upon ourselves, we shall find that we hold ourselves responsible not only for the deliberate acts of the will, that is, for acts of deliberate self-determination, which suppose both knowledge and volition, but also for emotional, impulsive acts, which precede all deliberation; and not only for such impulsive acts, but also for the principles, dispositions, or immanent states of the mind, by which its acts whether impulsive or deliberate, are determined. When a man is convinced of sin, it is not so much for specific acts of transgression that his conscience condemns him, as for the permanent states of his mind; his selfishness, worldliness, and maliciousness; his ingratitude, unbelief, and hardness of heart; his want of right affections, of love to God, of zeal for the Redeemer, and of benevolence towards men. These are not acts. They are not states of mind under the control of the will; and yet in the judgment of conscience, which we cannot silence or pervert, they constitute our character and are just ground of condemnation. In like manner whatever of right dispositions or principles we discover within ourselves, whatever there is of love to God, to Christ, or to his people; whatever of humility, meekness, forbearance, or of any other virtue; the testimony of consciousness is, that these dispositions, which are neither the acts nor products of the will, as far as they exist within us, constitute our character in the sight of God and man. Such is not only the testimony of consciousness with regard to our judgments of ourselves, but also as to our judgments of other men. When we pronounce a man either good or bad, the judgment is not founded upon his acts, but upon his character as revealed by his acts. The terms good and bad, as applied to men, are not used to express the character of particular actions which they perform, but the character of the abiding principles, dispositions, or states of mind which determine their acts, and give assurance of what they will be in future. We may look on a good man and know that there is something in him which constitutes his character, and which renders it certain that he will not blaspheme, lie, or steal; but, on the contrary, that he will endeavour in all things to serve God and do good to men. In like manner we may contemplate a wicked man in the bosom of his family, when every evil passion is hushed, and when only kindly feelings are in exercise, and yet we know him to be wicked. That is, we not only know that he has perpetrated wicked actions, but that he is inherently wicked; that there is in him an evil nature, or abiding state of the mind, which constitutes his real character and determines his acts. When we say that a man is a miser, we do not mean simply that he hoards money, or grinds the face of the poor, but we mean that he has a disposition which in time past has led to such acts and which will continue to produce them so long as it rules in his heart. The Pelagian doctrine, therefore, that moral character can be predicated only of voluntary acts, is contrary to the testimony of consciousness.

 

Argument from the General Judgment of Men

 

2. It may, however, be said that our consciousness or moral judgments are influenced by our Christian education. It is therefore important to observe, in the second place, that this judgment of our individual consciousness is confirmed by the universal judgment of our fellow-men. This is plain from the fact that in all known languages there are words to distinguish between dispositions, principles, or habits, as permanent states of the mind, and voluntary acts. And these dispositions are universally recognized as being either good or bad. Language is the product of the common consciousness of men. There could not be such terms as benevolence, justice, integrity, and fidelity, expressing principles which determine acts, and which are not themselves acts, if men did not intuitively recognize the fact that principles as well as acts may have moral character.

 

The Moral Character of Acts determined by the Principles whence they flow

 

3. So far from its being true that in the judgment of men the voluntary act alone constitutes character, the very opposite is true. The character of the act is decided by the nature of the principle by which it is determined. If a man gives alms, or worships God from a selfish principle, under the control of a disposition to secure the applause of men, those acts instead of being good are instinctively recognized as evil. Indeed, if this Pelagian or Rationalistic principle were true, there could be no such thing as character; not only because individual acts have no moral quality except such as is derived from the principle whence they flow, but also because character necessarily supposes something permanent and controlling. A man without character is a man without principles; i.e., in whom there is nothing which gives security as to what his acts will be.

 

Argument from Scripture

 

4. The Scriptures in this, as in all cases, recognize the validity of the intuitive and universal judgments of the mind. They everywhere distinguish between principles and acts, and everywhere attribute moral character to the former, and to acts only so far as they proceed from principles. This is the doctrine of our Lord when he says, "Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for a tree is known by his fruit." (Matt. 12:33.) "A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit." (Matt. 7:18.) It is the inward, abiding character of the tree that determines the character of the fruit. The fruit reveals, but does not constitute, the nature of the tree. So it is, he tells us, with the human heart. "How can ye, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. A good man out of the good treasure of the heart, bringeth forth good things: and an evil man, out of the evil treasure, bringeth forth evil things." (Matt. 12:34, 35.) A good man, therefore, is one who is inwardly good: who has a good heart, or nature, something within him which being good in itself, produces good acts. And an evil man is one, whose heart, that is, the abiding, controlling state of his mind, being in itself evil, habitually does evil. It is out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, and blasphemies. These terms include all voluntary acts, not only in the sense of deliberate self-determination, but also in the sense of spontaneous acts. They moreover include all conscious states of the mind. It is, therefore, expressly asserted by our Lord, that moral character attaches to what lies deeper than any acts of the will, in the widest sense of those words, but also to that which lies lower than consciousness. As the greater part of our knowledge is treasured up where consciousness does not reach, so the greater part of what constitutes our character as good or evil, is lower not only than the will but even than consciousness itself. It is not only however by direct assertion that this doctrine is taught in the Bible. It is constantly assumed, and is involved in some of the most important doctrines of the word of God. It is taken for granted in what is taught of the moral condition in which men are born into this world. They are said to be conceived in sin. They are children of wrath by nature. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, i.e., carnal, morally corrupt. The Bible also speaks of indwelling sin; of sin as a principle which brings forth fruit unto death. It represents regeneration not as an act of the soul, but as the production of a new nature, or holy principle, in the heart. The denial, therefore, that dispositions or principles as distinguished from acts, can have a moral character, subverts some of the most plainly revealed doctrines of the sacred Scriptures.

 

The Faith of the Church on this Subject

 

5. It is fair on this subject to appeal to the universal faith of the Church. Even the Greek Church, which has the lowest form of doctrine of any of the great historical Christian communities, teaches that men need regeneration as soon as they are born, and that by regeneration a change of nature is effected, or a new principle of life is infused into the soul. So also the Latin Church, however inconsistently, recognizes the truth of the doctrine in question in all her teachings. All who die unbaptized, according to Romanists, perish; and by baptism not only the guilt, but also the pollution of sin is removed, and new habits of grace are infused into the soul. It is needless to remark that the Lutheran and Reformed churches agree in holding this important doctrine, that moral character does not belong exclusively to voluntary acts, but extends to dispositions, principles, or habits of the mind. This is involved in all their authoritative decisions concerning original righteousness, original sin, regeneration, and sanctification.

 

The Moral Character of Dispositions depends on their Nature and not on their Origin

 

The second great principle involved in the Scriptural doctrine on this subject is, that the moral character of dispositions or habits depends on their nature and not on their origin. There are some who endeavour to take a middle ground between the rationalistic and the evangelical doctrines. They admit that moral character may be predicated of dispositions as distinguished from voluntary acts, but they insist that this can only be done when such dispositions have been self-acquired. They acknowledge that the frequent repetition of certain acts has a tendency to produce an abiding disposition to perform them. This is acknowledged to be true not only in regard to the indulgence of sensual appetites, but also in regard to purely mental acts. Not only does the frequent use of intoxicating liquors produce an inordinate craving for them, but the frequent exercise of pride or indulgence of vanity, confirms and strengthens a proud and vainglorious spirit, or state of mind; which state of mind, when thus produced, it is admitted, goes to determine or constitute the man's moral character. But they deny that a man can be responsible for any disposition, or state of mind, which is not the result of his own voluntary agency. In opposition to this doctrine, and in favour of the position that the moral character of dispositions, or principles, does not depend upon their origin, that whether concreated, innate, infused, or self-acquired they are good or bad according to their nature, the arguments are the same in kind as those presented under the preceding head.

 

1. The first is derived from our consciousness. In our judgments of ourselves the question is what we are, and not how we became what we know ourselves to be. If conscious that we do not love God as we ought; that we are worldly, selfish, proud, or suspicious, it is no relief to the consciousness, that such has been our character from the beginning. We may know that we were born with these evil dispositions, but they are not on that account less evil in the sight of conscience. We groan under the burden of hereditary, or of indwelling sin, as deeply and as intelligently as under the pressure of our self-acquired evil dispositions. So also in our instinctive judgments of other men. If a man be addicted to frivolous pursuits, we pronounce him a frivolous man, without stopping to inquire whether his disposition be innate, derived by inheritance from his ancestors, or whether it was acquired. On the contrary, if he manifests from his youth a disposition for the acquisition of knowledge, he is an object of respect, no matter whence that disposition was derived. The same is true with regard to amiable or unamiable dispositions. It cannot be denied that there is a great difference in men in this respect. Some are morose, irritable, and unsocial in their dispositions, others are directly the reverse. The one class is attractive, the other repulsive; the one the object of affection; the other, of dislike. The instinctive judgment of the mind is the same with regard to dispositions more clearly moral in their nature. One man is selfish, another generous; one is malicious, another benevolent; one is upright and honourable, another deceitful and mean. They may be born with these distinctive traits of character, and such traits beyond doubt are in numerous cases innate and often hereditary, and yet we are conscious that our judgment regarding them and those to whom they belong is entirely independent of the question whether such dispositions are natural or acquired. It is admitted that nations as well as tribes and families, have their distinctive characteristics, and that these characteristics are not only physical and mental, but also social and moral. Some tribes are treacherous and cruel. Some are mild and confiding. Some are addicted to gain, others to war. Some are sensual, some intellectual. We instinctively judge of each according to its character; we like or dislike, approve or disapprove, without asking ourselves any questions as to the origin of these distinguishing characteristics. And if we do raise that question, although we are forced to answer it by admitting that these dispositions are innate and hereditary, and that they are not self-acquired by the individual whose character they constitute, we nevertheless, and none the less, approve or condemn them according to their nature. This is the instinctive and necessary, and therefore the correct, judgment of the mind.

 

This the Common Rule of Judgment

 

2. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. What we find revealed in our own consciousness we find manifested as the consciousness of our fellow men. It is the instinctive or intuitive judgment of all men that moral dispositions derive their character from their nature, and not from their origin. In the ordinary language of men, to say that a man is naturally proud or malicious is not an extenuation, but an aggravation. The more deeply these evil principles are seated in his nature, and the less they depend upon circumstances or voluntary action, the more profound is our abhorrence and the more severe is our condemnation. The Irish people have always been remarkable for their fidelity; the English for honesty; the Germans for truthfulness. These national traits, as revealed in individuals, are not the effect of self-discipline. They are innate, hereditary dispositions, as obviously as the physical, mental, or emotional peculiarities by which one people is distinguished from another. And yet by the common judgment of men this fact in no degree detracts from the moral character of these dispositions.

 

The Testimony of Scripture

 

3. This also is the plain doctrine of the Bible. The Scriptures teach that God made man upright; that the angels were created holy, for the unholy angels are those which kept not their first estate; that since the fall men are born in sin; that by the power of God, and not by the power of the will, the heart is changed, and new dispositions are implanted in our nature; and yet the Bible always speaks of the sinful as sinful and worthy of condemnation, whether, as in the case of Adam, that sinfulness was self-acquired, or, as in the case of his posterity, it is a hereditary evil. It always speaks of the holy as holy, whether so created as were the angels, or made so by the supernatural power of the Spirit in regeneration and sanctification. And in so doing the Bible, as we have seen, does not contradict the intuitive judgment of the human mind, but sanctions and confirms that judgment.

 

The Faith of the Church

 

4. It need hardly be added that such also is the faith of the Church universal. All Christian churches receive the doctrines of original sin and regeneration in a form which involves not only the principle that dispositions, as distinguished from acts, may have a moral character, but also that such character belongs to them whether they be innate, acquired, or infused. It is, therefore, most unreasonable to assume the ground that a man can be responsible only for his voluntary acts, or for their subjective effects, when our own consciousness, the universal judgment of men, the word of God, and the Church universal, so distinctly assert the contrary. It is a matter of surprise how subtle is the poison of the principle which has now been considered. It is not only the fundamental principle of Pelagianism, but it is often asserted by orthodox theologians who do not carry it out to its legitimate results, but who, nevertheless, allow it injuriously to modify their views of some of the most important doctrines of the Bible. On the assumption that no man can be judged, can be either justified or condemned except on the ground of his self-acquired personal character, they teach that there can be no immediate imputation of the sin of Adam or of the righteousness of Christ; that the only ground of condemnation must be our self-acquired sinfulness, and the only ground of justification our subjective righteousness; thus subverting two of the main pillars of evangelical truth.

 

Objections Considered

 

The difficulty on this subject arises in great measure from confounding two distinct things. It is one thing that a creature should be treated according to his character; and quite another thing to account for his having that character. If a creature is holy he will be regarded and treated as holy. If he is sinful, he will be regarded and treated as sinful. If God created Adam holy He could not treat him as unholy. If He created Satan sinful, He would regard him as sinful; and if men are born in sin they cannot be regarded as free from sin. The difficulty is not in God's treating his creatures according to their true character, but in reconciling with his holiness and justice that a sinful character should be acquired without the creature's personal agency. If God had created Satan sinful he would be sinful, but we should not know how to reconcile it with the character of God that he should be so created. And if men are born in sin the difficulty is not in their being regarded and treated as sinful, but in their being thus born. The Bible teaches us the solution of this difficulty. It reveals to us the principle of representation, on the ground of which the penalty of Adam's sin has come upon his posterity as the reward of Christ's righteousness comes upon his people. In the one case the penalty brings subjective sinfulness, and in the other the reward brings subjective holiness.

 

It is a common objection to the doctrine that holiness can be concreated and sinfulness hereditary, that it makes sin and holiness substances. There is nothing in the soul, it is said, but its substance and its acts. If sin or holiness be predicated of anything but the acts of the soul it must be predicated of its substance; and thus we have the doctrine of physical holiness and physical depravity. The assumption on which this objection rests is not only an arbitrary one, but it is obviously erroneous. There are in the soul, (1.) Its substance. (2.) Its essential properties or attributes, as reason, sensibility, and will, without which it ceases to be a human soul. (3.) Its constitutional dispositions, or natural tendencies to exercise certain feelings and volitions, such as self-love, the sense of justice, the social principle, parental and filial affection. These, although not essential to man, are nevertheless found in all men, before and after the fall. (4.) The peculiar dispositions of individual men, which are accidental, that is, they do not belong to humanity as such. They may be present or absent; they may be innate or acquired. Such are the taste for music, painting, or poetry; and the skill of the artist or the mechanist; such also are covetousness, pride, vanity, and the like; and such, too, are the graces of the Spirit, humility, meekness, gentleness, faith, love, etc. As the taste for music is neither an act nor a substance, so pride is neither the one nor the other. Nor is the maternal instinct an act; nor is benevolence or covetousness. These are immanent, abiding states of the mind. They belong to the man, whether they are active or dormant, whether he is awake or asleep. There is something in the sleeping artist which renders it certain that he will enjoy and execute what other men can neither perceive nor do. And that something is neither the essence of his soul nor an act. It is a natural or acquired taste and skill. So there is something in the sleeping saint which is neither essence nor act, which renders it certain that he will love and serve God. As therefore there are in the soul dispositions, principles, habits, and tastes which cannot be regarded as mere acts, and yet do not belong to the essence of the soul, it is plain that the doctrine of original or concreated righteousness is not liable to the objection of making moral character a substance.

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Agree or disagree in part or in whole (I have my own thoughts), but this broadly considered has been the long standing position and testimony of the Reformed churches, of mankind through the light of nature, etc., until probably the last 100 years or so. Remember that Hodge was basically writing" Turretin for Dummies like me who can't read Latin" in the 1800's. Scripture often speaks of the sinfulness of particular peoples or nations, the Cretans are singled out even as Sodom and Gomorrah once were, etc. The good news is that, by God's grace, wherever we come from humanly speaking, we can be redeemed and renewed by the grace of God, forgiven of our sins, and enabled to fight against our sinful passions and overcome sin. This is true of the most developed and most primitive of peoples. But we should be sober-minded and realize there is such a thing as civil and uncivil human beings in this world. So repent and believe the Gospel, and you shall be saved, you and your household, for Christ is calling out a people from every tribe, tongue, and nation, from the least to the greatest, to be His own holy nation and people.


The danger and error can come when you deny the reality of differences between peoples, or overly exaggerate them. Certainly it would be heresy to say that some races/nations are so degenerate that God's grace cannot save them, or that we can know that God will not choose to save any of them. God has and does devote cities or nations to destruction at times, but ordinarily there is a remnant that is saved even then, and today we have no special revelation or word from God to tell us that a given nation is all damned. 

So, as we saw, Charles Hodge and others speak of hereditary traits among individuals, families, tribes, and whole peoples/nations. The point of contention I am bringing forward (in light of the Samuel Sey - Corey Mahler debate) is not that some peoples/nations/races may be inferior to others in some senses at various points in history. That is manifestly the case. God causes nations to rise and fall, and at the core of a nation is its people. The critique and point of contention I am raising is whether an inferior people can be more godly than a superior people/nation/race. In the context of the Sey-Mahler debate, it seemed pretty clear to me that Sey was asking this on an individual level, not merely at the level of entire cities/nations/peoples. At an individual level, the obvious answer is yes. At a national scale/level, the answer depends on the framing. Over time? Yes. In one generation? Probably not, unless the Lord is doing a very mighty work of salvation in one nation with many converts, and bringing down another nation in judgment against them, etc. But my key critique is that godliness is not mere biology or hereditary factors. Genetic predisposition is much different from genetic predestination. There is nurture both natural and especially supernatural that may minimize the ungodliness of a person or people/nation with inferior hereditary traits/genetics or whatever we wish to call it. The problem today is that so many want to deny that natural differences exist at all, and if you claim they do, you are a "racist" and hate people whom you consider to be naturally inferior to you. But simply go to the parable of the talents in Scripture and see how Reformed commentators and others have interpreted that passage, and its clear they all affirmed natural differences between persons at an individual level, and undoubtedly at a national level as well. In other words, national/racial egalitarianism is nonsense, and as we are learning, it can be quite dangerous and destructive to everyone as well. D.E.I. really means to DIE. But someone who is of inferior stock naturally (having less natural giftedness/endowments and/or greater proclivities/pulls toward certain sin(s)) is not necessarily confined to be less godly than someone of greater "stock", whether the greater "stock" is his own flesh and blood sibling (I have lots of children and they have different aptitudes and giftings in different areas, and some plainly have greater sin struggles naturally/genetically even in certain areas that their siblings do not, etc.) or someone of an entirely different nation or race of men. If a person has a greater proclivity/impulse to more heinous sins, that is, if the lusts of the flesh are more potent in him than another person, (recognizing of course that all outside of Christ are dead in sin and totally depraved, and yet also recognizing that some are more given over to their sinful impulses than others, etc.), that does not mean that the person with the greater sinful inclinations, once converted, will never progress in sanctification as quickly as someone who had lesser cravings of the lust of the flesh naturally. Sanctification does not have a genetic/natural speed limit, though this is of course something that must be overcome for all of us, in varying degrees. Sanctification and godliness is much more than genetics or hereditary traits. Of course no one should be foolish enough to say that the moment a person is born of the Spirit, they gain 20 IQ points and their fleshly lusts simply disappear or are across the board greatly diluted. If someone converts while an alcoholic, the blood chemicals and everything that causes them to crave drink or drugs or whatever is still there. Regeneration does not bring a genetic or biological reboot or something like that. But while we must not forget that we are a body, we also must not forget that we are a soul. Drawing near to God in Word, Prayer, and Sacrament, through all the various means of nurture and living by the Spirit (not to mention the potency with which the Lord may be pleased to give the Spirit/convict by the Spirit for someone is not utterly identical, unless we wish to be Egalitarian on that) is what we are commanded to do. And note, how effectively and frequently we lay hold of the means of grace is NOT pre-determined by our biology/genetics/hereditary traits. Will those things have some bearing? Yes, and to say otherwise is absurd. The flesh lusts against the Spirit, and these are contrary to one another (I am also not saying that the "flesh" is reducible to merely genetics/hereditary matters either, but that's for another discussion). But it is equally absurd to say that biology or hereditary dispositions are all-determinative, which would basically amount to genetic/biological predestination. This is nonsense and is in effect a denial of the Spirit's power and/or God's purpose to sanctify sinners as He sees fit. I am sure there are better examples, but take the Apostle Paul and his persecutions prior to his conversion, and his effectiveness and faithfulness after his conversion. Undoubtedly he was a naturally gifted man before and after his conversion, as was Moses. Yet both were well-trained, Moses by the Egyptians and Paul really in the synagogues at the feet of Gamaliel and under the Roman Empire, etc. Paul it is likely fair to say in many respects was a "5 talent" person in natural endowments, and thus he was going to go boom or bust, depending on whether he was converted or not (even then, it isn't really as simple as that, but hopefully it conveys the point trying to be made). We should be leery/on guard against those whom we know from culture/nurture/religious beliefs as well as nature/biological dispositions to be more dangerous to us, and more hateful to the true God. Recognizing the violent crime rate/violent crimes are committed in much higher rates by black men/those of African descent in our nation, owing likely from both nurture and nature, isn't "racist" to notice and to take proper precautions if you are in certain parts of a rough neighborhood, etc. We should also be sober-minded about someone converting out of an especially sinful lifestyle and culture and/or heinous false religion among a people steeped in that and likely inclined toward that through both nature and nurture. Sanctification for them in Christ is beginning from a more difficult position than for others. The hill to climb is steeper and farther than for others, even as each of us have some advantages over others, and are disadvantaged compared to others. But we should also believe that God's grace is sufficient for such persons, and at times the Lord uses both nature and nurture from that point forward to use such persons to be faithful, bearing much of the fruit of the Spirit, and to do great things for the Lord, even greater than those who had natural advantages. A great mind that once persecuted the church, once converted, is used in all its greatness to do great things for the church. One who had a strong drive and disposition for business dealings who used that for selfish gain and greedy mammon, once converted, can use those same inclinations, biological or cultivated by nurture over time, for much good and profit for the glory of God. What was once a vice and snare can become a virtue and blessing for him and others, all stemming form the same biological makeup. Certainly, there may be sinful patterns/temptations that developed prior to conversion that we do not pretend just disappear once converted. The sinful flesh clings to us until glory. But it has been crucified with Christ, the old man is dead, and we are being renewed in the image of God, body and soul, not only in glory, but right here and now. Yes, even now we are new creatures in Christ, and aggression and determination that was once used toward and for violence might be, by the grace of God, exercised toward righteous and good ends (serving as a policeman, military, teaching self-defense, etc.). Of course, in reality it may not be an either/or. It may be that these drives and impulses particular to a given person or nation/race of people, once converted, is used for great good, but also can still tempt toward great evil and sin. None of that, of course, is to say that we shouldn't be grateful for having natural blessings and advantages. If someone wants to say we are more privileged than others, we shouldn't shame ourselves for being more blessed by God, but use our blessings/talents for good, and see that we have all the more responsibility for doing so. If a person has certain natural disadvantages compared to many around him, or many in the world/of other nations more largely considered, he shouldn't complain against God about this and say "Why have You made me like this?" In truth, we all have to recognize that there are some persons or peoples that are superior to us in many ways. We should be thankful for one another, the Lord builds His Church with various body parts, some more honorable than others, but all are necessary, useful, and should be cared for. The woman/wife is the weaker sex, and yet she is honored, etc., and is the necessary helpmeet for man and she alone was designed by God to bring forth children from her womb and have a motherly, tender nurture and care for child and husband in the home that man simply does not possess. We should be sober-minded with our strengths and weaknesses, and use whatever talents we have and multiply them for our Master in heaven above. But the parable of the minas in Luke 19 also seems instructive on this point, at least by analogy. In this case, each person is given 1 mina, and the one who produced 10 with it is commended by God as well as the one who produced 5. The one who did nothing and complained is the one who is damned and judged, and his mina is given to the one who already had 10. Some will do more with what they have, some less, but if we are being fruitful and multiplying, the Lord is pleased. Where you "start" from as a Christian may handicap you when it comes to sanctification and godliness, but it does not prevent you from becoming godly and sanctified, even more so by diligent laying hold of Christ than those who had a "head start" so to speak, but who did not lay hold of Christ with the same degree of fervency and zeal. This should produce humility in all of us, and earnestness to lay hold of Christ and strive after Him by His strength and grace, and to do it with a sober mind, recognizing all the complexities in ourselves and in this life.


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 By: Thomas F. Booher  Today, being a white Christian man in the United States and holding to properly ordered loves (a good definition of which is given here:  https://americanreformer.org/2024/12/rightly-ordered-love/ )  consistently and publicly will get you labeled as a "racist" or "white supremacist" or something similar soon enough.  In fact, you do not even have to be white or a man to be labeled something like a "white supremacist". But there's a rule out there today that if you can't find a minority to say it first, then what you are saying is bigoted, racist, etc.  I like the phrase/terminology of "properly ordered loves" because it is harder to slander/bear false witness against. It is harder to reduce down to some sort of scary word like "racist" or "kinist" or "supremacist" or "nazi" or whatever. I would say I also like the notion of "family first", but apparently some have ev...